간접 인용

Indirect Quotations

Let's study about Korean grammar related to "indirect quotations" today. Indirect quotations in Korean are used to convey what someone else has said without quoting them directly. There are specific grammatical forms for indirect speech, depending on whether the original statement was a declarative, interrogative, imperative, or suggestive sentence.

1. Indirect Quotation(간접 인용): Declarative Sentences(평서문)

For indirect declarative sentences, Korean uses the form -다고 for verbs and -라고 for nouns.

• Verbs or Adjectives: Attach -다고 하다 to the verb or adjective stem.

• Nouns: Attach -(이)라고 하다 to the noun.

Example:

• "민수는 집에 간다고 했어요."
  (Minsu said that he was going home.)

• “지수가 아프다고 했어요.”
  (Jisu said that she was sick.)

• "민지는 학생이라고 했어요."
  (Minji said that she was a student.)

2. Indirect Quotation: Interrogative Sentences(의문문)

For indirect questions, the endings differ depending on the verb or adjective used in the original question.

• Verbs: Use -냐고 하다.

• Adjectives: Use -냐고 하다.

• Nouns: Use -(이)냐고 하다.

Example:

• "민수는 어디에 가냐고 물었어요."
  (Minsu asked where I was going.)

• “지수는 아프냐고 물었어요.”
  (Jisu asked if I was sick.)

• "민지는 학생이냐고 물었어요."
  (Minji asked if I was a student.)

3. Indirect Quotation: Imperative Sentences(명령문)

For indirect commands, -(으)라고 하다 is used with verbs.

Example:

• "선생님이 공부하라고 했어요."
  (The teacher said to study.)

• "엄마가 문을 닫으라고 했어요."
  (Mom told me to close the door.)

4. Indirect Quotation: Suggestive Sentences(청유문)

For indirect suggestions, -자고 하다 is used.

Example:

• "민수가 같이 가자고 했어요."
  (Minsu suggested that we go together.)

• “지수가 같이 먹자고 했어요.”
  (Jisu suggested that we eat together.)

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What’s the differences between 달라고 하다 / -아/어 달라고 하다 and 주라고 하다 / -아/어 주라고 하다?

1. 달라고 하다 / -아/어 달라고 하다

Definition:

• "달라고 하다" is used when the speaker is quoting a request for the action to be done for the benefit of the person making the original request. In other words, the person who is making the request wants something to be given to them.

Usage:

• 달라고 하다 is used when the subject is asking for something for themselves.

• It is typically used with verbs like 주다 (to give) in requests, especially when the speaker is relaying what someone else has asked to be done for them.

Example:

• "민수가 나에게 책을 달라고 했어요."
  (Minsu asked me to give him the book.)

• "친구가 물 좀 사 달라고 부탁했어요."
  (My friend asked me to buy him some water.)

In these cases, the original speaker (Minsu or my friend) is requesting something for themselves.

2. 주라고 하다 / -아/어 주라고 하다

Definition:

• "주라고 하다" is used when the speaker is quoting a request for the action to be done for the benefit of someone else. This means the request is for someone else to receive the benefit, not the person making the request.

Usage:

• 주라고 하다 is used when the subject is asking for something to be given to another person (not themselves).

• Like 달라고 하다, it is commonly used with verbs like 주다, but the difference lies in the recipient of the action.

Example:

• "민수가 저보고 자기 친구에게 그 책을 주라고 했어요."
  (Minsu asked me to give the book to his friend.)

• "엄마가 저보고 제 동생에게 과자를 주라고 하셨어요."
  (Mom told me to give snacks to my younger sibling.)

Here, the person making the request (Minsu or Mom) is asking for something to be done for someone else (e.g., a friend or sibling).

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Key Differences:

• 달라고 하다: The requester wants the action for themselves.

• 주라고 하다: The requester wants the action for another person.

Considerations:

• The use of -아/어 달라고 하다 and -아/어 주라고 하다 indicates specific verbs in the request. You will need to conjugate the verb accordingly based on tense and politeness.

By understanding these distinctions, you can accurately convey who is the recipient of the requested action in indirect speech!